Cement process chart

The main raw materials for cement manufacture are limestone and lime marl. Grinded cement is a hydraulic binder, and with the addition of water hardens in air. In the form of mortar and concrete it is an indispensable material in the construction industry. Cement is primarily produced using a dry process with rotary kilns and multistage cyclone pre-heaters with or without pre-calciners. Production is energy-intensive and costly. Depending on the quality, temperatures of up to 1450°C have to be reached in the rotary kiln. To optimise energy costs, low caloric secondary fuels are becoming increasingly important. 

Coal dust bunker Rotary kiln Calciner Coal mill Calciner tower Raw mill Product/Cooler/Dedusting/Grinding mill Alternative fuel Mainburner Precalciner with burner

Glass wool production process

Mineral wool, also known as mineral fiber, mineral cotton, man-made mineral fibre (MMMF), and man-made vitreous fiber (MMVF), is a general name for fiber materials that are formed by spinning or drawing molten minerals (or "synthetic minerals" such as slag and ceramics). The nomenclature of these wool products is simply the parent/raw material name in prefix to wool. Wool from glass is glass wool, wool from rock is stone wool and so on. Specific mineral wool products are stone wool and slag wool. Europe also includes glass wool which, together with ceramic fiber, are completely man-made fibers. Applications of mineral wool include thermal insulation, filtration, soundproofing, and hydroponic growth medium.

Typical mineral wool composition

Tank furnace Sand and other materials Mixer Curing oven Fiberizer Air Suction Packaging

Diagram of a CryoGAN nitrogen generator

Powerful as a matter of principle Irrespective of their capacity, the basic principle is the same for all CryoGAN nitrogen generators and consists of the following components

Air compression: The air is filtered and compressed to 7 to 10 bar and then pre-dried Air purification: Two adsorbers operated alternately separate out air components Heat transfer: Through heat exchange with the cold separation products, the air in the main heat exchanger is cooled to near the condensation temperature. In this process, the product flows are heated to the ambient temperature. Rectification: The “heart” of the system separates the air into high purity nitrogen and an oxygen-enriched residual gas. The nitrogen is separated into two flows, one of which is fed back to the rectification column as a return flow after condensation. The other one flows through the main heat exchanger, where it gives off its “cold energy” to the air before escaping the system as a gaseous product. Cold source: The system’s refrigeration requirement is met by either the use of liquid nitrogen or the cold produced by an expansion turbine. Back up: The presence of a backup system allows our client to continue working during preventive maintenance, equipment maintenance and possible force majeure situations. During such periods, the Customer will be supplied with Oxygen through a back-up system. Our regional logistics network with centrally managed Europe-wide coordination, combined with sophisticated production planning, ensures that every single customer receives a reliable supply of technical gases from Messer, even during planned and unplanned downtimes

Steel processes

Is it possible to imagine a world without steel? No, steel is one of the essential materials in our society and we encounter it every day, whether as a paper clip, means of transportation or skyscrapers. The period of mass steel production began in the mid-19th century with developments from Bessemer, Thomas and Siemens - Martin. The advantage of pure oxygen for refining was already known at that time, but only became technically manageable 100 years later. Steel producers, research institutes and suppliers are working worldwide to improve product properties and manufacturing. Steel is made from iron ore or scrap.

Blast furnace Direct reduction Smelting reduction Electric arc furnace Convertors Secondary metallurgy Electroslag remelting Continuous casting Scarp Ore Additives Torpedo preheating Ladle preheating Tundish preheating Ingot casting Ingot preheating Continuous reheating Discontinuous reheating Rolling, forging, etc.

Stone wool production process

Mineral wool, also known as mineral fiber, mineral cotton, man-made mineral fibre (MMMF), and man-made vitreous fiber (MMVF), is a general name for fiber materials that are formed by spinning or drawing molten minerals (or "synthetic minerals" such as slag and ceramics). The nomenclature of these wool products is simply the parent/raw material name in prefix to wool. Wool from glass is glass wool, wool from rock is stone wool and so on. Specific mineral wool products are stone wool and slag wool. Europe also includes glass wool which, together with ceramic fiber, are completely man-made fibers. Applications of mineral wool include thermal insulation, filtration, soundproofing, and hydroponic growth medium.

Typical mineral wool composition

Shaft furnace Gutter heating Basalt Additives Fibre production Pressing, hardening Packaging